Personal Financial Management Essay

1. You have to enlist an assistant that will deal with money. What steps would you take to ensure you enlist the perfect individual? Ask about past money taking care of understanding, get some information about their own budgetary administration, how they handle their own accounts. 2. For what reason would it be advisable for you to show your workers the significance of individual monetary administration? What are some imaginative methods of doing this? How representatives handle their pay mirrors their work execution, in the event that somebody is having money related issues it will in all likelihood cause them to be worried at the work place. It is imperative to show representatives how to deal with their funds so the general execution of the organization isn't influenced. A few different ways to do this is by having workshops, organization gatherings, games, or an organization lunch. Any setting where a monetary trough could come in and answer any inquiries a representative may have with respect to how to deal with their funds better. 3. What explicit advances would you be able to take to improve your ways of managing money? A few different ways I could improve my ways of managing money is help my need versus need. I can concede that now and again I do pointless spending. I should cause a financial plan of the amount I to spend and the amount I gain and attempt to be fugal in my ways of managing money.

4 Essay Outline Templates That Will Simplify Your Writing Process

4 Essay Outline Templates That Will Simplify Your Writing Process Have you at any point assembled a household item (or possibly held on and watched another person do it)? The errand was made much simpler gratitude to the directions that came in the container. The household item didnt precisely fabricate itself since it accompanied directions, however without these guidelines the assignment would be almost difficult to complete.You can think about a blueprint for your exposition sort of like a lot of guidelines. Despite the fact that you despite everything need to invest in a considerable amount of energy while youre building/composing it, the guidelines will help control you through the whole procedure so you dont need to go in there totally blind.An exposition layout is particularly useful for the individuals who are beginner scholars, however even the old experts use plots. The productive William Faulkner was known to utilize a layout, and he worked a course of events out for his novel A Fable on his office dividers, which can be still observed i n plain view at his home Rowan Oak in Oxford, Mississippi. Presently were not pushing for anybody to compose on their dividers (sorry to all the mothers out there!), however his strategy was viable on the grounds that he had the option to envision his course of events and sort out his composition around it.When you are alloted a paper, you may be enticed to hold up until the latest possible time and simply work something out actually rapidly. However, without a solid arrangement or realizing what it is that youre going to state, you may end up drifting over a PC with a clear page and a squinting cursor in the night. No one needs to be in that position, so lets expect to prepare, will we?Why you should utilize a blueprint for all that you writeHave you at any point heard the expression good thoughts require some investment? No stunning essayist throughout the entire existence of the universe just began composing one day and afterward had their composing mystically transformed into a book. Extraordinary composing requires incredible arranging. Regardless of whether an essayist didnt genuinely record her timetable, she had a general thought of what she would expound on before she began composing. Obviously, there is such an unbelievable marvel as being motivated and following up on that motivation (however lets be realistic, your history paper isnt most likely going to start that sort of imagination in you).So, in light of the fact that we are composing an exceptionally organized piece with a to some degree unsurprising format, its in every case best to utilize a layout. After you do your necessary research for your subject, a layout will assist you with keeping the entirety of the focuses you need to make composed so you dont avoid any significant snippets of data thus you can remain on track.How do you compose an outline?The wonder of a framework is that nobody will be seeing your blueprint - except if, obviously, your instructor is making you turn it in advanc e so the person in question can audit it before you turn in your paper. In any case, regardless of whether your instructor is auditing the layout before you turn in your paper, its far fetched that the person will review too cruelly on how you arrange your musings. The primary thought is that your educator needs to see that youre placing in some idea before you compose the essay.Because theres not as much strain to make a framework sound pleasant and be syntactically right, you can get out your musings faster and simpler. You can utilize a bit of scratch paper for a diagram and simply write down a couple of focuses or you can get extremely complex by making a composing plot on the PC. The manner in which you need to compose your framework is fine - simply ensure youre doing it. By and large, in a framework you should have a thought of what your proposal articulation will be, how your body sections will bolster your proposition explanation, and how you are going to envelop everything with a determination at the end.Still somewhat uncertain of how to begin? Weve gave a few models beneath of what a blueprint will resemble for a couple of various kinds of articles. Recall that these layouts are simply tests. They arent fundamentally something unchangeable that you cannot adjust for your specific task or idea.The factious essayThe pugnacious exposition is as old as composing seems to be. The possibility of a contentious is - you got it - to build up a contention and give proof of why your case is right. You will gather proof with regards to your contention and assess it.Here is an example of what a contentious paper diagram may look like:IntroductionGeneral foundation data about your topicThesis statementBody paragraphsArgument 1 on the side of your thesisSupporting factSupporting factArgument 2 on the side of your thesisSupporting factSupporting factArgument 3 on the side of your thesisSupporting factSupporting factOpposing contentions and your reaction to these c laimsOpposing contention 1 to your thesisYour reaction to this claimOpposing contention 2 to your thesisYour reaction to this claimConclusionReiterate contentions made in proposal statementWhy this article matters (thoughts for future research, why its particularly important now, potential applications, etc.)Expository article outlineExpository papers frequently get mistook for factious papers, yet the primary contrast is that the scholars conclusions and feelings are totally kept separate from an explanatory exposition. The target of a descriptive paper is to research a theme and present a contention in a fair-minded way, yet to even now come to an end result. On account of this unobtrusive distinction, its essential to have a strong blueprint to kick you off on your writing.IntroductionThe introduction of the topicYour theory statementBody paragraphsTopic sentence 1Supporting evidenceAnalysisTransition sentenceTopic sentence 2Supporting evidenceAnalysisTransition sentenceTopic sen tence 3Supporting evidenceAnalysisTransition sentenceConclusionReiterate the focuses with a review of the primary concerns you talked about all through the paper.Offer arrangements, understanding into why this subject issues, and what future themes could be developed in a future paper.Reflective exposition outlineReflective papers are a great exercise where you get the chance to expound on a specific involvement with your life and to examine what exercises you gained from it. First-individual expositions are an extremely famous class at this moment and are intended to cause individuals from every single distinctive foundation to think about a typical human encounter like getting your first kiss, coming up short at something, or triumphing over snags. Since intelligent expositions are somewhat less inflexible composition than a customary study hall paper, the structure is unquestionably not unchangeable. Don't hesitate to mess with what bodes well for your specific story and experien ce.IntroductionA extremely extraordinary snare that will have the crowd need to continue perusing on (a model from the incredible essayist David Sedaris, I generally revealed to myself that when I hit fifty I would find show, calmly as well as full power: contemplating the authors, learning Italian, perhaps purchasing a cape.A brief little bother of what the story will be about. Youll likely need one to two sentences tops.Body paragraphsAct I of your storyWhat happened initially?Who were the key players?What deterrent did you need to overcome?Act II of your storyDescribe the obstruction/issue in more detailWhat job did the key players have?Act III of your storyWhat occurred at the end?Was everything tied up flawlessly or not?ConclusionSummary of the eventsWhat exercise did you learn? Or on the other hand, perhaps, what was the exercise you learned a lot later on in life?Compare and complexity article outlineWe thoroughly analyze things all the time, in actuality. We break down what sort of medicinal services plan we need, what major to pick, what telephone we need, what profession we need to seek after, and so forth. Having the right stuff to break down (at least two) things and finding what the realities are about them so you can settle on an informed choice on which to pick are pretty crucial.A investigate paper gives us the structure squares to see how to settle on these choices with genuine applications - and they can be entirely fun as well. Despite the fact that these thoroughly analyze papers dont have as entangled of a structure as a descriptive or a contentious exposition, its still critical to design out how youre going to handle this sort of article. Heres a thought of what an investigate framework may look like:IntroductionA brief prologue to the theme and what Point An and Point B areYour proposal proclamation (which will contain a type of comparability or discord between Point An and Point B)Body paragraphsTopic sentence 1 about Point AClaim 1 ab out Point AClaim 2 about Point AClaim 3 about Point ATopic sentence 2 about Point BClaim 1 about Point BClaim 2 about Point BClaim 3 about Point BTopic sentence 3 that interfaces Point An and Point BWhat is comparable between these two points?What is dissimilar?What correlations can be made?ConclusionWhat determinations would we be able to make about contrasting these two points?Any further research required or recommended for the future?Is there a third thing that we ought to contrast these two focuses to?Need assistance and your outline?If in the wake of assessing these rules or analyzing these example diagrams youre still somewhat uncertain about how to join a layout into your specific exposition, make certain to approach your educator for more guidance.And, in the event that you need another pair of eyes to investigate your paper after its been composed, make certain to look at the administrations of our expert editors. Our master editors can assist you with polishing up your pa per, guarantee that the entirety of your references have been made by the style guide, and provide you guidance if the article should be changed or revamped in any capacity.

Characteristics of Resilient People

Characteristics of Resilient People Theories Personality Psychology Print Characteristics of Resilient People By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 29, 2019 Hinterhaus Productions/Digital Vision/Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology While people vary dramatically in the coping skills they use when confronting a crisis, researchers have identified some key characteristics of resilience.?? Many of these skills can be developed and strengthened, which can improve your ability to deal with lifes setbacks. Resilient people are aware of situations, their own emotional reactions and the behavior of those around them. In order to manage feelings, it is essential to understand what is causing them and why. By remaining aware, resilient people can maintain control of a situation and think of new ways to tackle problems. Another characteristic of resilience is the understanding that life is full of challenges. While we cannot avoid many of these problems, we can remain open, flexible, and willing to adapt to change. Here are some other characteristics of people who have strong coping skills. A Sense of Control Do you perceive yourself as having control over your own life? Or do you blame outside sources for failures and problems? Generally, resilient people tend to have what psychologists call an internal locus of control.?? They believe that the actions they take will affect the outcome of an event. Of course, some factors are simply outside of our personal control, such as natural disasters. While we may be able to put some blame on external causes, it is important to feel as if we have the power to make choices that will affect our situation, our ability to cope, and our future. Strong Problem-Solving Skills Problem-solving skills are essential. When a crisis emerges, resilient people are able to spot the solution that will lead to a safe outcome. In danger situations, people sometimes develop tunnel vision. They fail to note important details or take advantages of opportunities. Resilient individuals are able to calmly and rationally look at the problem and envision a successful solution. Strong Social Connections Whenever youre dealing with a problem, it is important to have people who can offer support. Talking about the challenges you are facing can be an excellent way to gain perspective, look for new solutions, or simply express your emotions. Friends, family members, co-workers, and online support groups can all be potential sources of social connectivity.?? Identifying as a Survivor, Not a Victim When dealing with any potential crisis, it is essential to view yourself as a survivor. Avoid thinking like a victim of circumstance and instead, look for ways to resolve the problem. While the situation may be unavoidable, you can still stay focused on a positive outcome. Being Able to Ask for Help While being resourceful is an important part of resilience, it is also essential to know when to ask for help. During a crisis, people can benefit from the help of psychologists and counselors specially trained to deal with crisis situations. Other potential sources of assistance include: Books: Reading about people who have experienced and overcome a similar problem can be both motivating and good for ideas on how to cope.Online Message Boards: Online communities can provide continual support and a place to talk about issues with people who have been in a similar situation.Support Groups: Attending support group meetings is a great way to talk about the challenges youre facing and find a network of people who can provide compassion and support.Psychotherapy:?? If you are having trouble coping with a crisis situation, consulting a qualified mental health professional can help you confront the problem, identify your strengths, and develop new coping skills. 4 Ways to Boost Resilience During Tough Times

Unemployment Has Negative Effects on Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 551 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? The most significant challenge that my nation face is the youth unemployment, these past years there has been high rate of unemployment in Kurdistan region of Iraq which led to social and economic issues in the community as a whole. It causes direct effect on the growth of the financial system. The government lack of resources or plan to deal with the problem became a factor that the rate increased so the people had look for other alternate to secure works like the Private sectors but they only hire a steady number of employers unfortunately it could not solve the high demand of jobs and Most importantly higher standard of recruitment could not be achieved by graduates because the system cannot provide the obligation and experience that is require from cooperation.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Unemployment Has Negative Effects on Society" essay for you Create order The recent increase has led to crime rates rise as people are unable to meet their needs through work which one case that stuck to my head was one father could not afford Milk and diaper to his child so he stole them but in ended getting a heavy sentence, the social issues like Divorce rates has been increase and the rate of homelessness rises which once a while I see reports on my local news channels like the most recent case that happened on November in my city Sulaymaniyah which family of four members could not afford rent are now living in tent in the street (NRT Report 18/11/2018). There has been a lot situation but the most personal to me came when my older sister graduated could not land a job in Government or Private sectors all the qualification was high and require work experience, she even could not get internships or volunteering because they did not provide these sort of chances and I saw her going through the most despairing stage and negative effect had on our family b ut after so many years of trying hard she would able to get a job in a different city. There are serval causes for unemployment today, one major factor was the ISIS war happening in the area in addition our economy heavily relies on oil which the other sectors left unimproved. In conclusion unemployment create negative effects on society in term of social and country development so first the government need acknowledge on the issue and start immediate action to make new policies and expand capital projects like new roads, constructions of new major infrastructural projects which can become a platform in creation of more jobs to income generation and the future ones. Government should take proper steps in investment decisions and improve the current sectors, crucially give proper recruitment, training and development to increase the capabilities of employees as result to enhance their skills and shows great performance. It is on individual responsibility to initiation to reducing unemployment because we have to take steps to overcome this problem. An individual has to increase their capabilities and participate in proper counseling and training sessions to improve their performance levels and their skills. It is necessary to take care of their health mental ly and physically. Personally the most important thing I could do which is to address the issue in every way possible and support people that are needed encouragement also give professional help if I can on their perspective career.

Art Case Study - 1192 Words

Juan Luna Auto biography Birthname Juan Luna y Novicio Born October 23, 1857 (1857-10-23) Badoc, Ilocos Norte, Philippines Died December 7, 1899 (1899-12-08) (aged 42) Hong Kong Studied Academia de Dibujo Y Pintura, Ateneo de Manila Escuella de Bella Artes Mother Laureana Novicio y Ancheta Father Joaquà ­n Luna de San Pedro Field Painting, drawing, sculpting Movement Romanticism, Realism Works Style of painting Juan Lunas paintings are described as being vigorous, realistic and dramatic and with romantic elements. In a single brush stroke, he paints a fair of emotions that fills the beholder with drama and tragedy of his theme. His style shows the influence of Delacroix, Rembrandt, and Daumier. However, despite†¦show more content†¦I find it scary. Besides, the picture seems to be mocking you. -Another critic also said that although Leonardo worked on the Mona Lisa over a number of years in a number of different cities, none of his business or household records contain any mention of a model who might have sat for the portrait. In an article in the January issue of Arts and Antiques, Schwartz describes how her conclusions tie together a number of seemingly unrelated anomalies in the painting, its shadowy quality, the unusual dress, the lack of jewelry, the awkward pose and the split pair of unrelated landscapes on either side of the figure. She points out that Leonardo s delight in riddles caused him to plant clues in all his paintings and that the Mona Lisa was no exception. When these clues are taken together with da Vincis known homosexuality and life style, a picture emerges of the great painter creating a disguised self-portrait in womens clothes. As Schwartz puts it, That famous smile, so tantalizing for so many centuries is the mirrored smile of da Vinci himself. -Another says he haven’t seen the big deal of the painting. He quoted â€Å"It’s just a portrait of a not particularly interesting woman against a dark and mountainous backdrop. Undoubtedly highly proficient technically, it is, to my eye, an unemotional and unmoving piece of art.† Self Portrait (1515) -The identification of the drawing as a self-portrait was made in the 19th century, based on the similarityShow MoreRelatedStatus of Qualitative Research in Early Childhood Education and Development (Eced)1733 Words   |  7 Pages2005-2010. The first two journals are published by Rutledge and the last one is published by Springer. The starting point for the literature review was library data base of IED, which permitted access to full text articles. Large no of qualitative studies were found in each journal however, for the present review, only 25 of them were selected on the basis of different research traditions within qualitative paradigm. 15 of them are reviewed for the present task and bibliography of the remaining articlesRead MoreCase Study Art of Motivation5060 Words   |  21 PagesHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THE ART OF MOTIVATION Human Resource Management MRB 2032 Case Analysis 3 THE ART OF MOTIVATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This article is about the art of motivation in Nucor, about strategy and action plan to motivate the people such as talking to them, listening to them, taking a risk on their ideas, and accepting the occasional failure. It s a culture built in Nucor with symbolic gestures with unblinking focus on the people on the front line of the business inRead MoreSystems Analysis : System Analysis1421 Words   |  6 Pageswhole, a lot of organizations cannot recognize looming threats nor understand the effects of these threats and are yet to come up with alternatives options for these threats. Case studies were performed on three organizations: Opportunity Consultants Inc (OCI), Baria Planning Solutions Inc (BPS) and Bayonne Packaging. The cases would show the root-cause issues at these organizations based on 5-Whys and basic system analysis. They will also show based off my explanation of systems analysis of howRead MoreCase Study Approach Is Often Associated With Descriptive And Explanato ry Research Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesCase study approach is often associated with descriptive and explanatory research. The research problem is usually â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† problem, thus resulting in a descriptive or explanatory study (Cooper Schindler, 2011). How or why questions are being posed, when the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon within some real life context. Case studies usually provide qualitative rather than quantitative data for analysis and interpretation (Yin, 2003). Case study refers to qualitative, analysis of caseRead MoreInnate Ideas Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesproduce art, which is also open to based on a matter of opinion. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder; this is especially true for the world of art. For instance, look at the work of Jackson Pollock, his work consist of what seems to be just paint splatters but the chaotic design of these paint splatters possess the power to move the viewer. This is why anything can be considered art if it has some type of emotion associated with it. 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It is a neutral and objective source of informationRead MoreEssay on Aeronautical Decision Making1344 Words   |  6 Pagesby pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. It is what a pilot intends to do based on the latest information he or she has† (FAA, 2012 p.1). ADM is necessary in all situations but this study will pertain to specifically ADM regarding VFR flight into IMC conditions. In the General Aviation Pilot’s Guide to Preflight Weather Planning, Weather Self-Briefings, and Weather Decision Making handbook (2009), the FAA uses the Perceive-Process-PerformRead MoreStatement of Purpose for a Career in Computational Finance1041 Words   |  4 PagesThe world of Finance is by no means a new concept for me. Watching â€Å"Mad money with Jim Cramer† videos on cnbc.com for his daily stock picks is a ritual. I would study the company’s business model, perform very rudimentary fundamental and qualitative analysis on these picks and if its intrinsic value matched the criteria set, I would add it to my portfolio on Investopedia.com. Apart from this, I also spent a considerable amount of time researching on various stock picking strategies to further strengthen

Before the Volcano Erupted The Ancient Cerén Village in Central America Free Essays

The archaeological site of Joya del Ceren, located in the broad Zapotitan Valley in the fertile region of western El Salvador, is a remarkable and important find that has been compared to the ancient ruined cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy. Like Pompeii, Joya del Ceren was preserved under layers of volcanic ash in the catastrophic Loma Caldera eruption from the nearby Ilopango volcano approximately 600 AD. This eruption forced the sudden abandonment of the site by its inhabitants who were forced to leave their possessions behind. We will write a custom essay sample on Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Cerà ©n Village in Central America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dr Payson Sheets of the University of Colorado-Boulder has been leading the excavations of the site, and as this ancient farming village of the Maya is now being revealed, many important insights into the household and community life of the ancient Maya, as well as their economic, social, and religious activities are becoming better understood. In Dr. Sheets’ book, Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Ceren Village in Central America, an overview of the knowledge gained by recent excavations is provided. The book opens with a discussion of volcanology, geophysics, and paleobotany. It is clear that the presence of the nearby volcanic hills around the site presented both benefits and hazards to the ancient inhabitants. The volcano provided a source of hard stones for making manos and metates, its ancient eruptions deposited a fertile bed of ash for fruitful agriculture, but it also proved the destruction of their village. What is so amazing is the fine state of preservation that the volcanic eruption gave to the material culture of the site. The buildings, complete with their thatched roofs (mice included) and painted walls, the beautifully painted gourds and pottery vessels, whole and filled with foodstuffs, liquid residues, utensils and other personal items, the craft tools, and the clear evidence of craft production are all on hand, looking untouched despite their fourteen centuries of age. Consider this remarkable statement: â€Å"The numerous seasonally sensitive plants preserved at the site indicate the eruption probably occurred in August. Further, the positions and conditions of artifacts indicate the eruption probably occurred in the early evening, after dinner was served but before the dishes were washed, likely between 6:00 and 7:00 P. M. † (Sheets) For all the fury and destruction that volcanoes can cause, such an outcome is nevertheless a joy to historians and archaeologists, and should be to anyone curious about the lives of prehistoric peoples. The focus of the explorations at Joya del Ceren is centered on â€Å"Household Archaeology,† with the household being defined as â€Å"the domestic coresidential social and adaptive unit intermediate between the individual and the neighborhood. † (Sheets) Part II of the book describes the four households excavated prior to publication, with eleven building having been completely excavated, and seven others partially excavated. Professor Sheets summarizes the work to date as follows: Four buildings of Household 1 have been excavated, including a domicile (for sleeping, eating, and various daytime activities), a storehouse, a kitchen, and a ramada-style building that occasionally was used for chipped stone tool maintenance, among other functions (Structures 1, 6, 11, and 5, respectively). Two buildings of Household 2 have been excavated, the domicile and the storehouse (Structures 2 and 7). The kitchen has yet to be excavated, and we do not know if Structure 18 is a part of this household. Only a part of the kitchen of Household 3 is known (Structure 16). The storehouse of Household 4 has been excavated, and it is a storehouse and much more (Structure 4). The maguey (Agave americana) garden south of the building produced fiber for about a dozen households; the leaves were depulped to liberate the fibers using Structure 4’s northeast corner pole. † (Sheets) The results of these excavations revealed a good deal about household and village life of the people of the Maya frontier circa 600 AD. We have an expanded view of what they ate (maize, beans, chiles, squash, manioc, maguey, cacao and guayaba among others), the wealth they possessed (over 70 vessels in household 1 alone), and their source of livelihood (both subsistence farming and craft specialization). Indeed it is possible to speculate that each household produced a certain type of finished craft for export trade within or beyond the village. Sheets describes how â€Å"each household overproduced at least one craft or commodity and used that for exchange within the community and to obtain long-distance traded items that generally were produced by specialists, such as obsidian tools, hematite pigments, and jade axes. † (Sheets) It is shown how household 1 produced groundstone items such as manos and metates, and a tool called a donut stone. Household 2 likely served as a painted gourd factory, as evidenced by the presence of cinnabar paints and the use-wear on chipped stone tools found at the site. In addition to the household structures, some other community buildings have been identified. These include Structure 9, a large sweat bath that could accommodate a dozen people , structure 10, considered to be a religious festival building of some kind, as evidenced by the presence of some sacred artifacts, such as a deer skull headdress, and an obsidian blade with traces of human blood. There is also a large community center or civic complex, perhaps used for local government functions or religious purposes or both. The religious buildings were painted white and are the only white buildings found at the site. Some of the agricultural fields have been examined, and the results are very interesting. For example, the rows for maize were ridged, and some areas show where portions of the crop have already been harvested and the ground replanted with the second crop for the year. Many species of plants are identified by plaster casting, including â€Å"maize, beans, chiles, squash, manioc, maguey, various trees such as cacao and guayaba, and a number of palm and deciduous trees. † (Sheets) The manioc field is known as the first evidence of the cultivation of this crop in the Americas. In a recent CU-Boulder news release article, Sheets said â€Å"we have long wondered what else the prehistoric Mayan people were growing and eating besides corn and beans, so finding this field was a jackpot of sorts for us. Manioc’s extraordinary productivity may help explain how the Classic Maya at huge sites like Tikal in Guatemala and Copan in Honduras supported such dense populations. † The work at Joya del Ceren is far from over. The book explains how the archaeologists are using ground penetrating radar equipment to locate numerous other buildings for future excavations. As time goes on, the riches of Joya del Ceren will continue to emerge from the ashes. Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Ceren Village in Central America is a rather typical archaeological report, fairly dry for reading, but full of fascinating information if you take the time to pick through it. What is important is what the Archaeology of the site can teach us of the ancient people that lived there. The site must be an outstanding place to visit, for to see such well-preserved artifacts would surely spark the imagination. I would surely recommend the book to anyone interested in the Maya, in archaeology and history in general, or to anybody that is curious about the way that ordinary people from the past may have lived their lives. Works Cited Sheets, Payson. â€Å"CU-Boulder Archaeology Team Discovers First Ancient Manioc Fields In Americas. † CU-Boulder News. August 20, 2007. http://www. colorado. edu/news/releases/2007/305. html Sheets, Payson (ed. ) Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Ceren Village in Central America. Boulder, Colorado. 2002 How to cite Before the Volcano Erupted: The Ancient Cerà ©n Village in Central America, Papers

Limits of Human Knowledge and Experience Essay Example

Limits of Human Knowledge and Experience Essay The philosophical sub stream of epistemology concerns itself with questions surrounding the modes, methods and capacities of human knowledge acquisition. It is a very complicated subject with a lot of debate and disagreement among scholars. There are those like John Horgan, who envision the decline of scientific scrutiny into these questions. They contend that the tools offered by science are inadequate to grasp a highly complex and variant natural biological process. For example, in his book The End of Science, John Horgan gloomily predicts â€Å"an impending dissolution of science, that the great era of scientific discovery is over or very nearly so†¦ the great discoveries and revelations that have made up the history of science as now yielding to incremental, diminishing returns.† (Horgan, as quoted in Bauer, 1997) While this kind of doomsday pessimism might come across as overblown to some, they are not without any merit. Some of the observations made by scientist s like Horgan are true. For instance, they reckon that modern science is becoming more and more speculative and less concrete-evidence based. One can see this trend as science entering a â€Å"post-empirical mode†/†ironic science† where â€Å"scientists from a vast array of fields are generating questions that will never be subjected to experimental test.† (Bauer, 1997) Science’s constant pursuit of knowledge and truth leads to a quandary, whereby all scientific inquiry is directed toward gaining understanding of a few fundamental questions relating to the universe and human consciousness. If scientists are unable to unlock these basic secrets of our world, then science might soon hit a stumbling block around which it cannot get around. Those who are critical of the utility of scientific inquiry point out, that, even ascertaining answers to these fundamental questions might quench our curiosity but might prove of little practical utility. So, either scenario suggests an End of Science. On the other people like Thomas Kuhn and Derek de Solla Price, who celebrate the possibilities of science and its centrality to understanding limits of human knowledge and experience. These proponents of science emphasize that instead of a linear-progressive model, scientific inquiry can just as well undertake a paradigm shift toward achieving more dynamism. They foresee â€Å"the capacity of human imagination and its potential-not just in pushing the limits of science.† (Bauer, 1997) We will write a custom essay sample on Limits of Human Knowledge and Experience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Limits of Human Knowledge and Experience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Limits of Human Knowledge and Experience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mathematician Leibnitz has contributed to our understanding of human limitations in acquiring knowledge. He famously coined the term â€Å"human finitude†, behind which were questions such as â€Å"How much can someone possibly know? What could reasonably be viewed as an upper limit of an individual’s knowledge–supposing that factually informative knowledge rather than performative how-to knowledge or subliminally tacit knowledge is to be at issue?† (Rescher, 2005) To essay an answer to these questions, let us consider a hypothetical attempt by a human to acquire maximum knowledge. For this thought experiment, we are assuming that this hypothetical person (whom we shall call H) has perfect recall and an infinite memory. In addition, we assume that he has a life-span of 70 years and spends all the time in pursuit of information and knowledge. For his entire life-span, H spends all the days in reading for at least 12 hours per day, which might yield a â €Å"lifetime reading quota of some 7.4 x [10.sup.9] words†. (Rescher, 2005) This quantity represents the literal consumption of words and not the actual facts and theories understood. Accounting for this, we arrive at a lifetime’s access to some [10.sup.9] truths for H, which approximates to one billion facts, theories, ideas, etc. This theoretical upper limit is several thousand times more than any of us usually achieve in our lifetimes. But the capacity of H is an impressive upper limit â€Å"to the information that a human individual could probably not reach and certainly not exceed.† (Rescher, 2005) While this calculation answers how much knowledge one human being cn possibly acquire, it doesn’t tell how much is in principle knowable. Leibniz comes up with a suggestion based on The Sand Reckoner theory proposed by Archimedes. â€Å"Leibniz took his inspiration from The Sand Reckoner of Archimedes, who in this study sought to establish the astronomically large number of sand grains that could be contained within the universe defined by the sphere of the fixed stars of Aristotelian cosmology–a number Archimedes effectively estimated at [10.sup.50]. Thus even as Archimedes addressed the issue of the scope of the physical universe, so Leibniz sought to address the issue of the scope of the universe of thought.† (Rescher, 2005) In the Western intellectual tradition that has evolved over the last two millennia, knowledge was the â€Å"essential resource for those mortal and particular human beings struggling to cope with a world that could be imagined as being independent from any observer.† Scientific endeavor was thus directed to make knowledge independent of the observer (subjective) into an enduring truth (objective). For a human being to ‘know’ something is one way of gaining access to that aspect of the world. The tradition of ‘reasonable knowledge’ is one that brings into concurrence an individual’s observation through sight, sound and logical analysis with the truth associated with the object being studied. In the philosophical tradition, â€Å"dealing with this difference between the object and subject of knowledge has become the decisive problem. Even Plato distinguishes episteme from doxa, that is knowledge from meaning. The first is infallible and true, the second only plausible and therefore fallible.† (Nassehi, 2004) This distinction has been addressed, updated and altered by numerous other philosophers since Plato. In the Critique of Pure Reason, German philosopher Immanuel Kant distinguishes three modes of mentally representing reality. These are 1.meaning, 2.believing, and 3.knowing. Kant evaluates meaning as â€Å"both subjectively and objectively inadequate. It can neither satisfy an objective examination, nor it can be subjectively appropriate. In the end, meaning is knowledge by pure chance. In comparison belief is also objectively inadequate, but it is subjectively adequate as it stands for an authentic decision. Finally knowledge is both objectively and subjectively adequate. Here Kant stresses the difficult issue of whether knowledge is a representation of the world with objective certainty for everyone.† (Nassehi, 2004) References Bauer, J. E. (1997). The End Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age. Journal of American Culture (Malden, MA), 20(4), 113+. Nassehi, A. (2004). What Do We Know about Knowledge? an Essay on the Knowledge Society. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 29(3), 439+. Rescher, N. (2005). Textuality, Reality, and the Limits of Knowledge *. The Review of Metaphysics, 59(2), 355+.